While these improvements have resulted in high levels of. Site selection of insitu and exsitu methods of rain water. Precambrian metamorphic rocks are exposed in the northern portion of the country hereafter referred to as the northern complex, the west the western complex, and the south the southern complex figure 1b. A rain water harvesting system for mai misham school, ethiopia background. Water harvesting techniques, which harvest runoff from roofs or ground surfaces fall under. Assessment of best practises and experience in water harvesting rainwater harvesting handbook.
The government of ethiopia aims to increase access to safe water supply and basic sanitation in rural and urban areas and to invest more resources into water related infrastructure. Rain water harvesting is one of the means by which agricultural production can be increased to meet the growing food demands in all regions. Policy and knowhow of rainwater harvesting in addis ababa. The history of water harvesting in ethiopia dated back to 560 bc when rainwater was harvested and stored in. For example, under the one wash national program, the government of ethiopia aims to increase access to safe water supply to 98 percent for rural areas and 100. A free copy of this publication can be downloaded at. Rainwater in flash floods, surface runoff and the ephemeral rivers can be captured and stored much more often, using multiple water harvesting technologies sanddams, ponds, subsurface dams, dugwells, insitu and roof catchment among others. Ethiopia food and agriculture organization of the united nations.
Ilri workshop, march 1416, addis ababa, ethiopia page 15 iii. Pdf rainwater in ethiopia as a new energy resources. In relation to these challenges, the following priority actions. Roles, constraints and opportunities of small scale. The water handbook is the result of wide collaboration within unicef, and provides a broad overview of stateoftheart programming for water management, protection and supply. Urban water providers have been effectively capitalized in order to take on system improvements and capacity building initiatives. Finally, the training angle will take place in the dire dawa region in ethiopia, which will focus on practicalities and discussions on various rwh3r technologies. Assistant professor and vice president, mekelle university, mekelle, ethiopia 2. Addis ababa, december 2003 the united nations office for coordination of humanitarian affairs ocha in ethiopia released a field mission report on the experiences of waterharvesting in tigray. Irrigation development program idp to put an additional 273,829 ha under irrigation, an increase of 5 per cent of currently irrigated farmlands, within its 15year plan period of 20022016.
The peculiar features, which make water harvesting interesting in this area include. Collected of required data and informations in the study area. The storage is made on the ground surface or underground, depending upon. Lem ethiopia carried out clean up addis project in 199495 that incorporate short term, midterm and long term alternatives strategies and registered significant achievements that helped the city administration to improve urban waste management of the city. This method, has a water transmission system to a another location for storage and consumption. Kenya rainwater harvesting map overall, this project has successfully shown that gis is a cost effective method to identify rwh as a viable option to improve water supply in both ethiopia and kenya. Amazing towers in ethiopia harvest clean water from thin air. Conservation techniques conserve water within the biomass and the soil by reducing runoff and keeping the water where it falls, as much as possible. Fluorosis due to a high intake of fluoride from drinking waters has previously been reported from several parts of the world, e. Recent development in water harvesting in gursum than any parts of the country so far observed. Water resources management in ethiopia description continued in this study, the editors address these and other issues surrounding water resources management in all economic and water sectors in ethiopia within the setting of the nile basin, the first comprehensive treatment of this subject. Irrigation development 4 type of scheme completed schemes number area ha beneficiaries small scale modern 86 4989 na small scale traditional na 15,000 na water harvesting 3 41,097 4,109. Pdf clean water scarcity becomes a critical issue in many parts of ethiopia due to the.
Ethiopia is a landlocked country located in the horn of africa. Impacts of climate change occur on ecosystems, food security, health, water resources. Irrigation development 4 type of scheme completed schemes number area ha beneficiaries small scale modern 86 4989 na small scale traditional na 15,000 na water harvesting3 41,097 4,109. Turning finance into services for 2015 and beyond significant human resource capacity challenges, in particular at woreda that is, district level, despite large but disparate programbased capacity building initiatives. Pdf rooftop rainwater harvesting as an alternative approach.
Upon approval, the columbia water center cwc team at the earth institute, columbia university, focused on planning a visit to the. Rainwaterharvesting is one of the means by which agricultural production can be increased to meet the growing food demands in all regions. Drinking water quality in the ethiopian section of the east. The policy and knowhow parts will take place in addis ababa. Dec 22, 2016 rainwater harvesting initiatives have helped those facing drought in india, china and mexico and could be the answer to improving water quality in ethiopia on a widespread basis. A number of water harvesting techniques are based along contours including. Thus, there is now increasing interest to the low cost alternative. Unfortunately, although ethiopia has a great water potential for irrigation, the countrys capacity to enhance agriculture production through the development of irrigation systems has been weak mengistu, 2000. Considering the water balance and the length of the growing period, ethiopia can be.
Environmental, health and socioeconomic impacts mintesinot behailu1 and mitiku haile2 1. Addis ababa, december 2003 the united nations office for coordination of humanitarian affairs ocha in ethiopia released a field mission report on the experiences of water harvesting in tigray. A case study of rainwater harvesting for domestic, livestock, environmental and agricultural use in kusa by orodi odhiambo, alex oduor. Area that can be irrigated with rwh depends on amount and distribution of rainfall, rwh system and crop type. Ethiopias urban subsector has experienced the most benefit from the countrys concerted efforts to reform the wss sector. Rooftop rainwater harvesting as an alternative approach of sustainable water supply. But the benefits of water harvesting may come at a cost. Shanmugham2 introduction rainwater harvesting is undertaken mainly to capture the run off from the seasonal rains and store it for use in times of need.
The case of alaba woreda, ethiopia rebeka amha ilri, addis ababa, ethiopia. Rainfed crop cultivation is the principal activity and is practised over an area of 27. Unicef programme division is pleased to present the water handbook part of the guidelines series on water, environment and sanitation. Water harvesting for multiple use in ethiopia mustrain 3 roles of partners the irc international water and sanitation centre is a thinkand do tank focused on the wash and iwrm sectors but with a strong interest in crosssectoral approaches to development and a background as a founder member of the mus group.
Fighting famine and poverty through water harvesting in. It is a major public health problem in ethiopia where it contributes up to 20 percent of underfive deaths. Mesfin shenkut, a fogquest member in addis ababa and consultant on water projects, will assist the ngo supporting the monastery with the sfc measurements. After visiting ethiopia and seeing people forced to walk miles every day for water, an italian designer set his mind to creating a simple solution to provide clean water for any mountainous village. Ethiopia has a big potential for benefiting from rain fed agriculture even in drought prone areas. It is bordered by sudan and south sudan in the west. Here of course one could note of the proximity to domestic and external market. Pdf social and economic potential of rainwater harvesting in. With a population of about 83 million people, spanning 472,000 square miles. It focuses on the household level, where most adaptation and coping strategies are implemented.
Impacts of rainwaterharvesting and socio economic factors. Harvested irrigated crops reported by the central statistics agency csa. It stresses the importance of investing in better soil health and conservation of. Principles and practices december 2830, 2001 mekelle, ethiopia mitiku hailu, mekelle university sorssa natea merga, care ethiopia report no. In many cases, roads cause flooding and water logging along the way, whereas the.
Review and quantitative assessment of ex situ household. Overview of the ethiopian rainwater harvesting association erha. Rainwater harvesting helps people provide themselves with clean water from a reliable source that can last through even the driest seasons. Rain harvesting to improve water quality in ethiopia. The ethiopian rift is part of the east african rift system, which extends from the kenyan border in the south up to the red sea in the north. Assessment of best practises and experience in water. Rainwater harvesting in rural areas our field experiences1. Workshop on the experience of water harvesting in the. Opportunities the basic opportunistic considerations regarding irrigation developments in ethiopia are 1 emphasis and priorities are given to irrigation in the growth and transformation plan of the country, 2 indigenous knowledge and introduction of promising household water harvesting and micro irrigation technologies, 3 governments. Rainwater harvesting in ethiopia and kenya, africa giscorps. With the transfer of responsibility for ssi from the mowr to the newly. In the eastern part of ethiopia, water shortage and lack of improved technology were. Ethiopia is largely dependent on the agricultural sector, which provides 86 percent of the countrys employment and 57 percent of its gdp.
Water resources of ethiopia california state university. A gis feasibility study ethiopia is a populous country in eastern africa that has three of the major tributaries to the nile river, which contribute about 86% of the combined nile water flow into the aswan dam, but ethiopia receives only 1% of that water reserve. The augmented resources can be harvested whenever needed. This paper presents a case study on successful water harvesting strategies that effected a reduction in recurrent famine and poverty in northern ethiopia. A case study of addis ababa ethiopia article pdf available. Economic analysis of water harvesting technologies in ethiopia. While access has increased substantially with funding from foreign aid, much still remains to be done to achieve the millennium development goal of halving the share of people without access to water and sanitation by 2015, to. Addis ababa december 22015 ethiopia has set an ambitious goal to access 25 liter water perdayperson within one km radius from the base line 15 liter perdayperson with 1.
Potential of ex situ household rwh systems is sitespecific depending on biophysical, institutional and socioeconomic conditions, and. To this end, we have sent mesh from chile to ethiopia to allow for the construction the small standard fog collectors sfcs that we use in the evaluation process. Access to water supply and sanitation in ethiopia is amongst the lowest in subsaharan africa and the entire world. Workshop on the experience of water harvesting technology in east shewa and arsi zones. The ethiopian rainwater harvesting association erha aimed to promote rainwater harvesting among at least 10 communities approximately 2 000 people in southern ethiopia. Sustainable water harvesting projects for livestock water in. Water harvesting techniques gather water from an area termed the catchment area and channel it to the cropping area or wherever it is required. New approach to sustainable development in the mountain area. Highlights uptake of rwh systems by smallholders in ethiopia is limited. Ethiopia is endowed with relatively higher amounts of rainfall and has a. This thesis examines the economic aspects of water harvesting by exploring. Introduction to water harvesting free download as powerpoint presentation.
There are more than 6000 ponds all functioning in this wereda. Although smallscale irrigation technologies in africa are also not free of criticism. The power of water in ethiopia ethiopia has experienced recurring bouts of drought and floods for years. The government of ethiopia has invested in the construction of various surface water harvesting schemes including microdams. Rainwater harvesting to improve livelihoods in ethiopia. Associate professor and president, mekelle university, mekelle, ethiopia abstract in northern ethiopia, water scarcity is a key factor. The history of water harvesting in ethiopia dated back as early as the pre axumit period. Overview of the ethiopian rainwater harvesting association erha meselech seyoum ethiopian rainwater harvesting association erha secretariat, addis ababa, ethiopia background the global concern water is a finite and limited resource upon which human wellbeing and socioeconomic development depend.
In 2015 we began piloting lending for water and sanitation with microfinance institutions. Adapting to climate change through land and water management. Introduction to water harvesting water resources harvest. Mosquitoes breed in areas of standing water, so extensive construction of ponds and water wells is likely to increase the number of available mosquito habitats. The experience of water harvesting in the drylands of ethiopia. Assessment of best practises and experience in water harvesting. Recent development in water harvesting practices in ethiopia. Potential of ex situ household rwh systems is sitespecific depending on biophysical, institutional and socio.
Rainwater harvesting in rural areas our field experiences1 c. Overview of the ethiopian rainwater harvesting association. Rainwater in flash floods, surface runoff and the ephemeral rivers can be captured and stored much more often, using multiple water harvesting technologies sanddams, ponds, subsurface dams, dugwells, in situ and roof catchment among others. May 30, 2011 highlights uptake of rwh systems by smallholders in ethiopia is limited. Rainwater harvesting initiatives have helped those facing drought in india, china and mexico and could be the answer to improving water quality in ethiopia on a widespread basis. Collection and storage of water in artificial places, residential and natural areas is carried out. Rainwater harvesting technology practices and implication of. Apr, 2014 after visiting ethiopia and seeing people forced to walk miles every day for water, an italian designer set his mind to creating a simple solution to provide clean water for any mountainous village. It divides the ethiopian highlands into two, then widens into the afar plain and continues and splits into two branches to form the basins of the red sea and the gulf of aden oceanic rifts. The rain water harvesting may be defined as the technique of collection and storage of rain water at surface or in subsurface aquifer before it is lost as surface run off.
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